/*
 * Michel Héon PhD: Web sémantique et modélisation ontologique - Guide du développeur Java sous Eclipse
 * This file is part of the book: 
 * 
 * Michel Héon
 * Web sémantique et modélisation ontologique - Guide du développeur Java sous Eclipse
 * 2014
 * Editions ENI 
 * ISBN : 978-2-7460-8869-6
 * EAN : 9782746088696
 * France
 * 
 * The contents of this file are subject to the LGPL License, Version 3.0.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2014, Cotechnoe inc. http://www.cotechnoe.com, http://java-ws.com
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
 *
 *
 * Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * in which case, the provisions of the Apache License Version 2.0 are applicable instead of those above.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2014, Cotechnoe inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.java_ws.owlapi.exemple;

import static org.semanticweb.owlapi.vocab.OWLFacet.MAX_EXCLUSIVE;
import static org.semanticweb.owlapi.vocab.OWLFacet.MIN_INCLUSIVE;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import org.coode.owlapi.manchesterowlsyntax.ManchesterOWLSyntaxOntologyFormat;
import org.coode.owlapi.turtle.TurtleOntologyFormat;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.apibinding.OWLManager;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.io.OWLXMLOntologyFormat;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.io.StreamDocumentTarget;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.AddAxiom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.IRI;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLAxiom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLClass;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLClassAssertionAxiom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLClassExpression;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLDataExactCardinality;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLDataFactory;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLDataProperty;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLDataPropertyExpression;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLDataRange;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLDataSomeValuesFrom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLDatatype;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLDifferentIndividualsAxiom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLDisjointClassesAxiom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLEntity;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLEquivalentClassesAxiom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLException;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLFacetRestriction;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLFunctionalDataPropertyAxiom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLIndividual;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLLiteral;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLObjectAllValuesFrom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLObjectCardinalityRestriction;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLObjectExactCardinality;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLObjectHasSelf;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLObjectHasValue;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLObjectIntersectionOf;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLObjectInverseOf;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLObjectOneOf;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLObjectProperty;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLObjectSomeValuesFrom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLOntology;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLOntologyCreationException;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLOntologyManager;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLOntologyStorageException;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLSubClassOfAxiom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLSubObjectPropertyOfAxiom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.PrefixManager;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.reasoner.ConsoleProgressMonitor;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.reasoner.OWLReasoner;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.reasoner.OWLReasonerConfiguration;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.reasoner.OWLReasonerFactory;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.reasoner.SimpleConfiguration;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.util.DefaultPrefixManager;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.util.InferredOntologyGenerator;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.vocab.PrefixOWLOntologyFormat;

import com.clarkparsia.owlapi.explanation.PelletExplanation;
import com.clarkparsia.owlapi.explanation.io.manchester.ManchesterSyntaxExplanationRenderer;
import com.clarkparsia.pellet.owlapiv3.PelletReasoner;
import com.clarkparsia.pellet.owlapiv3.PelletReasonerFactory;
import com.java_ws.owlapi.exemple.util.JavawsHelper;
/** Auteur: Michel Héon PhD
 
 * Cotechnoe http://www.cotechnoe.com

 * Date: 15-jan-2014
 */
public class ChapVII_Demo {

    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    /****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************
     **
     **    Chapitre 7 Démonstrations
     **
     ****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************/
    public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedOperationException, OWLException, IOException {
        // Section 2.6
        if (false) classeComplexe();
        // Section 3
        // Section 3.1.2
        if (false) patronRestrictionExistentielle();
        // Section 3.1.2 en Complément 
        if (false) restrictionExistentielle();
        // Section 3.2.2
        if (false) patronRestrictionUniverselle();
        // Section 3.3.2
        if (false) principeDeFermeture(); 
        // Section 3.6.2
        if (false) restrictionHasValue_HasSelf();
        // Section 5.4
        if (false) determinerTauxImpot();
        // Section 6 Démonstration des modèles
        if (false) demoPropriete();
        System.out.println("-->FIN<--");
    }
    /****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************
     **
     **     Section 2.6 Démonstration de l’usage de classes complexes
     **
     ****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************/
    public static void classeComplexe() throws OWLOntologyCreationException, OWLOntologyStorageException {
        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  ENTETE DU PROGRAMME
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        //
        // Attribuer les dénominations: IRI et Préfix
        // 
        String FAMILIES_IRI = "http://java-ws.com/ontologie/families";
        PrefixOWLOntologyFormat familiesOntologyFormat = new TurtleOntologyFormat();
        familiesOntologyFormat.setDefaultPrefix(FAMILIES_IRI + "#");
        familiesOntologyFormat.setPrefix( "myFamily",FAMILIES_IRI + "#");
        PrefixManager familiesPrefix = new DefaultPrefixManager(FAMILIES_IRI +"#");

        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        //
        IRI familiesIRI = IRI.create(FAMILIES_IRI);
        OWLOntologyManager manager = OWLManager.createOWLOntologyManager();

        OWLDataFactory factory = manager.getOWLDataFactory();
        OWLReasonerFactory reasonerFactory = PelletReasonerFactory.getInstance();
        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        //
        OWLOntology familiesOntology = manager.createOntology(familiesIRI);
        OWLOntology inferFamilyOntology = manager.createOntology();

        ConsoleProgressMonitor progressMonitor = new ConsoleProgressMonitor();
        OWLReasonerConfiguration config = new SimpleConfiguration(progressMonitor);

        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  CORPS DU PROGRAMME (La description du modèle conceptuel)
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        PelletReasoner  reasoner = (PelletReasoner) reasonerFactory.createNonBufferingReasoner(familiesOntology, config);


        /*
         * Construire l'ontologie 
         */
        OWLClass woman = factory.getOWLClass(":Woman", familiesPrefix);
        OWLClass parent = factory.getOWLClass(":Parent", familiesPrefix);
        OWLClass mother = factory.getOWLClass(":Mother", familiesPrefix);
        OWLClass father = factory.getOWLClass(":Father", familiesPrefix);
        OWLClass person = factory.getOWLClass(":Person", familiesPrefix);
        OWLClass man = factory.getOWLClass(":Man", familiesPrefix);
        OWLClass childlessPerson = factory.getOWLClass(":ChildlessPerson", familiesPrefix);
        OWLClass grandFather = factory.getOWLClass(":GrandFather", familiesPrefix);
        OWLIndividual jack = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Jack", familiesPrefix);
        OWLIndividual jane = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Jane", familiesPrefix);
        OWLIndividual mary = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Mary", familiesPrefix);
        OWLIndividual sophie = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Sophie", familiesPrefix);
        OWLIndividual john = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":John", familiesPrefix);
        OWLIndividual jim = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Jim", familiesPrefix);
        OWLIndividual bill = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Bill", familiesPrefix);
        OWLIndividual steve = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Steve", familiesPrefix);

        OWLClassAssertionAxiom janeIsAMother = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(mother, jane);
        OWLClassAssertionAxiom maryIsAParent = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(parent, mary);
        OWLClassAssertionAxiom maryIsAWoman = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(woman, mary);
        OWLClassAssertionAxiom sophieIsAWoman = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(woman, sophie);
        OWLClassAssertionAxiom johnIsAParent = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(parent, john);
        OWLClassAssertionAxiom johnIsAMan = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(man, john);
        OWLClassAssertionAxiom jimIsAMan = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(man, jim);
        OWLClassAssertionAxiom billIsAFather = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(father, bill);
        OWLClassAssertionAxiom steveIsAFather = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(father, steve);
        OWLClassAssertionAxiom steveIsAParent = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(parent, steve);
        OWLSubClassOfAxiom womanKindOfPerson = factory.getOWLSubClassOfAxiom(woman, person);
        OWLSubClassOfAxiom manKindOfPerson = factory.getOWLSubClassOfAxiom(man, person);
        OWLClassAssertionAxiom jackPersonNotParent = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(factory.getOWLObjectIntersectionOf(person, factory.getOWLObjectComplementOf(parent)), jack);
        OWLEquivalentClassesAxiom childlessPersonEquivPersonNotParent = factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(childlessPerson, factory.getOWLObjectIntersectionOf(person, factory.getOWLObjectComplementOf(parent)));
        OWLEquivalentClassesAxiom parentAxiom = factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(parent,  factory.getOWLObjectUnionOf(father, mother));
        OWLEquivalentClassesAxiom motherAxiom = factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(mother,  factory.getOWLObjectIntersectionOf(woman, parent));
        OWLEquivalentClassesAxiom fatherAxiom = factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(father, factory.getOWLObjectIntersectionOf(man, parent));
        OWLEquivalentClassesAxiom grandFatherAxiom = factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(grandFather, factory.getOWLObjectIntersectionOf(parent, father));


        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  PIED DU PROGRAMME 
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        // Ajouter les axiomes à l’ontologie
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, janeIsAMother);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, maryIsAParent);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, maryIsAWoman);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, sophieIsAWoman);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, johnIsAParent);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, johnIsAMan);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, jimIsAMan);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, billIsAFather);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, womanKindOfPerson);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, manKindOfPerson);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, parentAxiom);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, fatherAxiom);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, motherAxiom);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, childlessPersonEquivPersonNotParent);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, jackPersonNotParent);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, steveIsAFather);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, steveIsAParent);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, grandFatherAxiom);


        // Imprimer l’ontologie descriptive
        JavawsHelper.printTurtle(manager,familiesOntology );

        //Inférer l'ontologie descriptive 
        InferredOntologyGenerator iog = new InferredOntologyGenerator(reasoner);
        iog.fillOntology(manager, inferFamilyOntology);

        // Imprimer l'ontologie inférée
        manager.saveOntology(inferFamilyOntology, familiesOntologyFormat, new StreamDocumentTarget(System.out));
    }
    /****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************
     **
     **     Section 3.1.2 Démonstration : l’ensemble des individus pour lesquelles 
     **                   il existe des valeurs associées à une propriété
     **
     ****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************/
    public static void restrictionExistentielle() throws OWLOntologyCreationException, OWLOntologyStorageException {
        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  ENTETE DU PROGRAMME
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        //
        // Attribuer les dénominations: IRI et Préfix
        // 
        String FAMILIES_IRI = "http://java-ws.com/ontologie/families";
        PrefixOWLOntologyFormat familiesOntologyFormat = new TurtleOntologyFormat();
        familiesOntologyFormat.setDefaultPrefix(FAMILIES_IRI + "#");
        familiesOntologyFormat.setPrefix( "myFamily",FAMILIES_IRI + "#");
        PrefixManager familiesPrefix = new DefaultPrefixManager(FAMILIES_IRI +"#");

        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        //
        IRI familiesIRI = IRI.create(FAMILIES_IRI);
        OWLOntologyManager manager = OWLManager.createOWLOntologyManager();

        OWLDataFactory factory = manager.getOWLDataFactory();
        OWLReasonerFactory reasonerFactory = PelletReasonerFactory.getInstance();
        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        //
        OWLOntology familiesOntology = manager.createOntology(familiesIRI);
        OWLOntology inferFamilyOntology = manager.createOntology();

        ConsoleProgressMonitor progressMonitor = new ConsoleProgressMonitor();
        OWLReasonerConfiguration config = new SimpleConfiguration(progressMonitor);

        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  CORPS DU PROGRAMME (La description du modèle conceptuel)
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        PelletReasoner  reasoner = (PelletReasoner) reasonerFactory.createNonBufferingReasoner(familiesOntology, config);


        /*
         * Construire l'ontologie 
         */
        OWLClass person = factory.getOWLClass(":Person", familiesPrefix);
        OWLClass parent = factory.getOWLClass(":Parent", familiesPrefix);
        OWLClass happyPerson   = factory.getOWLClass(":HappyPerson", familiesPrefix);
        OWLClass happy   = factory.getOWLClass(":Happy", familiesPrefix);
        OWLClass johnChildren   = factory.getOWLClass(":JohnChildren", familiesPrefix);
        OWLClass narcisticPerson    = factory.getOWLClass(":NarcisticPerson", familiesPrefix);

        OWLObjectProperty hasChild = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":hasChild", familiesPrefix);
        OWLObjectProperty loves = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":loves", familiesPrefix);
        OWLObjectProperty otherProp = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":otherProp", familiesPrefix);

        OWLIndividual john = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":John", familiesPrefix);
        OWLIndividual paul = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Paul", familiesPrefix);
        OWLIndividual anyBody = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":anyBody", familiesPrefix);

        OWLIndividual someBody = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":someBody", familiesPrefix);

        OWLClassAssertionAxiom paulIsAPerson = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(person, paul);
        OWLClassAssertionAxiom johnIsHappyPerson = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(happyPerson, john);

        OWLObjectSomeValuesFrom someHasChildPerson = factory.getOWLObjectSomeValuesFrom(hasChild, person);
        OWLObjectAllValuesFrom AllHasChildHappy = factory.getOWLObjectAllValuesFrom(hasChild, happy);
        factory.getOWLObjectIntersectionOf(factory.getOWLObjectAllValuesFrom(hasChild, happyPerson), 
                factory.getOWLObjectSomeValuesFrom(hasChild, happyPerson));

        OWLEquivalentClassesAxiom allHappyPersonHasChildHappyAxiom = factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(happyPerson, AllHasChildHappy);


        OWLEquivalentClassesAxiom johnChildrenaxiom = factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(johnChildren, factory.getOWLObjectHasValue(hasChild, john));
        OWLEquivalentClassesAxiom narcisticPersonAxiom = factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(narcisticPerson, factory.getOWLObjectHasSelf(loves));
        OWLEquivalentClassesAxiom someHasChildPersonAxiom = factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(parent, someHasChildPerson);
        OWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom johnHasChildPaul = factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasChild, john, paul);

        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  PIED DU PROGRAMME 
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        // Ajouter les axiomes à l’ontologie
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, johnHasChildPaul);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, someHasChildPersonAxiom);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, johnIsHappyPerson);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, paulIsAPerson);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, allHappyPersonHasChildHappyAxiom);
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(otherProp, someBody, anyBody));
        manager.addAxiom(familiesOntology, factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(happyPerson, someBody));


        // Imprimer l’ontologie descriptive
        JavawsHelper.printTurtle(manager,familiesOntology );

        //Inférer l'ontologie descriptive 
        InferredOntologyGenerator iog = new InferredOntologyGenerator(reasoner);
        iog.fillOntology(manager, inferFamilyOntology);

        // Imprimer l'ontologie inférée
        manager.saveOntology(inferFamilyOntology, familiesOntologyFormat, new StreamDocumentTarget(System.out));
    }
    /****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************
     **
     **     Section 3.1.2 Démonstration : l’ensemble des individus pour laquelle il existe des valeurs associées à une propriété
     **
     ****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************/
    public static void patronRestrictionExistentielle() throws OWLOntologyCreationException, OWLOntologyStorageException {
        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  ENTETE DU PROGRAMME
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        //
        // Attribuer les dénominations: IRI et Préfix
        // 
        String ONTO_IRI_NAME = "http://java-ws.com/ontologie/patron";
        PrefixOWLOntologyFormat ontologyFormat = new TurtleOntologyFormat();
        ontologyFormat.setDefaultPrefix(ONTO_IRI_NAME + "#");
        ontologyFormat.setPrefix( "myFamily",ONTO_IRI_NAME + "#");
        PrefixManager prefix = new DefaultPrefixManager(ONTO_IRI_NAME +"#");

        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        //
        IRI ontologyIRI = IRI.create(ONTO_IRI_NAME);
        OWLOntologyManager manager = OWLManager.createOWLOntologyManager();

        OWLDataFactory factory = manager.getOWLDataFactory();
        OWLReasonerFactory reasonerFactory = PelletReasonerFactory.getInstance();
        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        ///
        OWLOntology ontology = manager.createOntology(ontologyIRI);
        OWLOntology inferOntology = manager.createOntology();

        ConsoleProgressMonitor progressMonitor = new ConsoleProgressMonitor();
        OWLReasonerConfiguration config = new SimpleConfiguration(progressMonitor);

        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  CORPS DU PROGRAMME (La description du modèle conceptuel)
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        PelletReasoner  reasoner = (PelletReasoner) reasonerFactory.createNonBufferingReasoner(ontology, config);


        /*
         * Construire l'ontologie 
         */
        OWLClass A = factory.getOWLClass(":A", prefix);
        OWLClass B = factory.getOWLClass(":B", prefix);
        OWLIndividual a = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":a", prefix);
        OWLIndividual b = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":b", prefix);
        OWLObjectProperty P = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":p", prefix);
        OWLObjectSomeValuesFrom someP_B = factory.getOWLObjectSomeValuesFrom(P, B);

        OWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom aPb = factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(P, a, b);
        OWLEquivalentClassesAxiom AEquivSomeP_B = factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(A, someP_B);
        OWLClassAssertionAxiom bIsAB = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(B, b );


        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  PIED DU PROGRAMME 
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        // Ajouter les axiomes à l’ontologie
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, aPb);
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, AEquivSomeP_B);
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, bIsAB);


        // Imprimer l’ontologie descriptive
        JavawsHelper.printTurtle(manager,ontology );

        //Inférer l'ontologie descriptive 
        InferredOntologyGenerator iog = new InferredOntologyGenerator(reasoner);
        iog.fillOntology(manager, inferOntology);

        // Imprimer l'ontologie inférée
        manager.saveOntology(inferOntology, ontologyFormat, new StreamDocumentTarget(System.out));
    }
    /****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************
     **
     **     Section 3.2.2 Démonstration : l’ensemble des individus pour toutes les valeurs associées à une propriété
     **
     ****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************/
    public static void patronRestrictionUniverselle() throws OWLOntologyCreationException, OWLOntologyStorageException {
        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  ENTETE DU PROGRAMME
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        //
        // Attribuer les dénominations: IRI et Préfix
        // 
        String ONTO_IRI_NAME = "http://java-ws.com/ontologie/patron";
        PrefixOWLOntologyFormat ontologyFormat = new TurtleOntologyFormat();
        ontologyFormat.setDefaultPrefix(ONTO_IRI_NAME + "#");
        ontologyFormat.setPrefix( "myFamily",ONTO_IRI_NAME + "#");
        PrefixManager prefix = new DefaultPrefixManager(ONTO_IRI_NAME +"#");

        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        //
        IRI ontologyIRI = IRI.create(ONTO_IRI_NAME);
        OWLOntologyManager manager = OWLManager.createOWLOntologyManager();

        OWLDataFactory factory = manager.getOWLDataFactory();
        OWLReasonerFactory reasonerFactory = PelletReasonerFactory.getInstance();
        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        ///
        OWLOntology ontology = manager.createOntology(ontologyIRI);
        OWLOntology inferOntology = manager.createOntology();

        ConsoleProgressMonitor progressMonitor = new ConsoleProgressMonitor();
        OWLReasonerConfiguration config = new SimpleConfiguration(progressMonitor);

        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  CORPS DU PROGRAMME (La description du modèle conceptuel)
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        PelletReasoner  reasoner = (PelletReasoner) reasonerFactory.createNonBufferingReasoner(ontology, config);


        /*
         * Construire l'ontologie 
         */
        OWLClass A = factory.getOWLClass(":A", prefix);
        OWLClass B = factory.getOWLClass(":B", prefix);
        OWLIndividual a = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":a", prefix);
        OWLIndividual b = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":b", prefix);
        OWLObjectProperty P = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":p", prefix);
        OWLObjectAllValuesFrom allP_B = factory.getOWLObjectAllValuesFrom(P, B);

        OWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom aPb = factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(P, a, b);
        OWLClassAssertionAxiom aIsAAllP = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(allP_B, a );
        OWLEquivalentClassesAxiom AEquivSomeP_B = factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(A, allP_B);


        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  PIED DU PROGRAMME 
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        // Ajouter les axiomes à l’ontologie
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, aPb);
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, AEquivSomeP_B);
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, aIsAAllP);


        // Imprimer l’ontologie descriptive
        JavawsHelper.printTurtle(manager,ontology );

        //Inférer l'ontologie descriptive 
        InferredOntologyGenerator iog = new InferredOntologyGenerator(reasoner);
        iog.fillOntology(manager, inferOntology);

        // Imprimer l'ontologie inférée
        manager.saveOntology(inferOntology, ontologyFormat, new StreamDocumentTarget(System.out));
    }
    /****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************
     **
     **     Section 3.3.2 Démonstration de l’inférence que « John » est un « HappyParent »
     **
     ****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************/
    public static void principeDeFermeture() throws OWLOntologyCreationException, OWLOntologyStorageException {
        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  ENTETE DU PROGRAMME
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        //
        // Attribuer les dénominations: IRI et Préfix
        // 
        String ONTO_IRI_NAME = "http://java-ws.com/ontologie/families";
        PrefixOWLOntologyFormat ontologyFormat = new TurtleOntologyFormat();
        ontologyFormat.setDefaultPrefix(ONTO_IRI_NAME + "#");
        ontologyFormat.setPrefix( "myFamily",ONTO_IRI_NAME + "#");
        PrefixManager prefix = new DefaultPrefixManager(ONTO_IRI_NAME +"#");

        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        //
        IRI ontologyIRI = IRI.create(ONTO_IRI_NAME);
        OWLOntologyManager manager = OWLManager.createOWLOntologyManager();

        OWLDataFactory factory = manager.getOWLDataFactory();
        OWLReasonerFactory reasonerFactory = PelletReasonerFactory.getInstance();
        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        ///
        OWLOntology ontology = manager.createOntology(ontologyIRI);
        OWLOntology inferOntology = manager.createOntology();

        ConsoleProgressMonitor progressMonitor = new ConsoleProgressMonitor();
        OWLReasonerConfiguration config = new SimpleConfiguration(progressMonitor);

        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  CORPS DU PROGRAMME (La description du modèle conceptuel)
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        PelletReasoner  reasoner = (PelletReasoner) reasonerFactory.createNonBufferingReasoner(ontology, config);


        /*
         * Construire l'ontologie 
         */
        OWLClass happyParent   = factory.getOWLClass(IRI.create(ontologyIRI + "#HappyParent"));
        OWLClass happyChildren = factory.getOWLClass(IRI.create(ontologyIRI + "#HappyChildren"));

        OWLObjectProperty hasChild = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(IRI.create(ontologyIRI + "#hasChild"));
        OWLObjectSomeValuesFrom someHasChild = factory.getOWLObjectSomeValuesFrom(hasChild, happyChildren);
        OWLObjectAllValuesFrom allHasChild = factory.getOWLObjectAllValuesFrom(hasChild, happyChildren);
        OWLObjectIntersectionOf someANDAllhappyChild = factory.getOWLObjectIntersectionOf(someHasChild, allHasChild);

        OWLIndividual john = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":John", prefix);
        OWLIndividual jack = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Jack", prefix);
        OWLIndividual paul = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Paul", prefix);

        OWLAxiom someANDAllAxiom = factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(happyParent, someANDAllhappyChild);
        OWLClassAssertionAxiom jackIsAAllHasChild = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(allHasChild, jack );
        OWLClassAssertionAxiom johnIsAAllHasChild = factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(allHasChild, john );
        OWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom johnHAsChildPaul = factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasChild, john, paul);


        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  PIED DU PROGRAMME 
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        // Ajouter les axiomes à l’ontologie
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, jackIsAAllHasChild);
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, johnIsAAllHasChild);
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, johnHAsChildPaul);
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, someANDAllAxiom);

        // Imprimer l’ontologie descriptive
        JavawsHelper.printTurtle(manager,ontology );

        //Inférer l'ontologie descriptive 
        InferredOntologyGenerator iog = new InferredOntologyGenerator(reasoner);
        iog.fillOntology(manager, inferOntology);

        // Imprimer l'ontologie inférée
        manager.saveOntology(inferOntology, ontologyFormat, new StreamDocumentTarget(System.out));
    }

    /****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************
     **
     **     Section XXX
     **
     ****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************/
    public static void restrictionHasValue_HasSelf() throws OWLOntologyCreationException, OWLOntologyStorageException {
        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  ENTETE DU PROGRAMME
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        //
        // Attribuer les dénominations: IRI et Préfix
        // 
        String ONTO_IRI_NAME = "http://java-ws.com/ontologie/families";
        PrefixOWLOntologyFormat ontologyFormat = new TurtleOntologyFormat();
        ontologyFormat.setDefaultPrefix(ONTO_IRI_NAME + "#");
        ontologyFormat.setPrefix( "myFamily",ONTO_IRI_NAME + "#");
        PrefixManager prefix = new DefaultPrefixManager(ONTO_IRI_NAME +"#");

        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        //
        IRI ontologyIRI = IRI.create(ONTO_IRI_NAME);
        OWLOntologyManager manager = OWLManager.createOWLOntologyManager();

        OWLDataFactory factory = manager.getOWLDataFactory();
        OWLReasonerFactory reasonerFactory = PelletReasonerFactory.getInstance();
        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        ///
        OWLOntology ontology = manager.createOntology(ontologyIRI);
        OWLOntology inferOntology = manager.createOntology();

        ConsoleProgressMonitor progressMonitor = new ConsoleProgressMonitor();
        OWLReasonerConfiguration config = new SimpleConfiguration(progressMonitor);

        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  CORPS DU PROGRAMME (La description du modèle conceptuel)
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        PelletReasoner  reasoner = (PelletReasoner) reasonerFactory.createNonBufferingReasoner(ontology, config);


        /*
         * Construire l'ontologie 
         */

        OWLClass johnsChildren   = factory.getOWLClass(":JohnsChildren", prefix);
        OWLClass narcisticPerson    = factory.getOWLClass(":NarcisticPerson", prefix);
        OWLIndividual john = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":John", prefix);
        OWLIndividual paul = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Paul", prefix);


        OWLObjectProperty loves = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":loves", prefix);
        OWLObjectProperty hasParent = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":hasParent", prefix);

        OWLObjectHasSelf hasSelfLoves = factory.getOWLObjectHasSelf(loves);
        OWLObjectHasValue hasValueJohn = factory.getOWLObjectHasValue(hasParent, john);

        OWLAxiom narcisticPersonAxiom = factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(narcisticPerson, hasSelfLoves);
        OWLAxiom johnsChildrenAxiom = factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(johnsChildren, hasValueJohn);

        OWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom paulHasParentJohn = factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasParent, paul, john);
        OWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom paulLovePaul = factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(loves, paul, paul);


        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  PIED DU PROGRAMME 
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        // Ajouter les axiomes à l’ontologie
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, narcisticPersonAxiom);
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, johnsChildrenAxiom);
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, paulHasParentJohn);
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, paulLovePaul);


        //        manager.addAxiom(ontology, xx);

        // Imprimer l’ontologie descriptive
        JavawsHelper.printTurtle(manager,ontology );

        //Inférer l'ontologie descriptive 
        InferredOntologyGenerator iog = new InferredOntologyGenerator(reasoner);
        iog.fillOntology(manager, inferOntology);

        // Imprimer l'ontologie inférée
        manager.saveOntology(inferOntology, ontologyFormat, new StreamDocumentTarget(System.out));
    }



    /****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************
     **
     **     Section 5.4 Démonstration : aiguillonner une décision
     **
     ****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************/
    public static void determinerTauxImpot() throws OWLOntologyCreationException, OWLOntologyStorageException {
        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  ENTETE DU PROGRAMME
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        //
        // Attribuer les dénominations: IRI et Préfix
        // 
        String ONTO_IRI_NAME = "http://java-ws.com/ontologie/tauximpot";
        PrefixOWLOntologyFormat ontologyFormat = new TurtleOntologyFormat();
        ontologyFormat.setDefaultPrefix(ONTO_IRI_NAME + "#");
        ontologyFormat.setPrefix( "tauximpot",ONTO_IRI_NAME + "#");
        PrefixManager prefix = new DefaultPrefixManager(ONTO_IRI_NAME +"#");

        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        //
        IRI ontologyIRI = IRI.create(ONTO_IRI_NAME);
        OWLOntologyManager manager = OWLManager.createOWLOntologyManager();

        OWLDataFactory factory = manager.getOWLDataFactory();
        OWLReasonerFactory reasonerFactory = PelletReasonerFactory.getInstance();
        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        ///
        OWLOntology ontology = manager.createOntology(ontologyIRI);
        OWLOntology inferOntology = manager.createOntology();

        ConsoleProgressMonitor progressMonitor = new ConsoleProgressMonitor();
        OWLReasonerConfiguration config = new SimpleConfiguration(progressMonitor);

        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  CORPS DU PROGRAMME (La description du modèle conceptuel)
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        PelletReasoner  reasoner = (PelletReasoner) reasonerFactory.createNonBufferingReasoner(ontology, config);


        OWLObjectProperty aLaChargeDe = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":aLaChargeDe", prefix);

        OWLIndividual john = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":John", prefix);
        OWLIndividual sophie = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Sophie", prefix);

        OWLIndividual paul = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Paul", prefix);
        OWLIndividual bill = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Bill", prefix);

        manager.addAxiom(ontology,  factory.getOWLDifferentIndividualsAxiom(john, bill, paul, sophie));
        OWLObjectOneOf personnesAChargeDe_John = factory.getOWLObjectOneOf(paul, bill);
        OWLObjectOneOf personnesAChargeDe_Sophie = factory.getOWLObjectOneOf();

        // Règle: -    Pour au maximum 1 enfant à charge, le taux est à TAUX_CINQUANTE 
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(
                factory.getOWLClass(":TAUX_CINQUANTE", prefix),
                factory.getOWLObjectMaxCardinality(1, aLaChargeDe))); 
        // Règle - Pour au minimum 2 et au maximum 4 enfants à charge, 
        // le taux est à TAUX_TRENTE. L'usage de l'intersection permet 
        // de fixer la limite inférieure et la limite supérieure
        // de la règle.
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(
                factory.getOWLClass(":TAUX_TRENTE", prefix),
                factory.getOWLObjectIntersectionOf(
                        factory.getOWLObjectMinCardinality(2, aLaChargeDe),
                        factory.getOWLObjectMaxCardinality(4, aLaChargeDe)
                        )));
        //Règle: - Pour 5 enfants à charge, le taux est à TAUX_DIX
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(
                factory.getOWLClass(":TAUX_DIX", prefix),
                factory.getOWLObjectExactCardinality(5, aLaChargeDe)));
        //Règle: - Pour au minimum 6 enfants à charge, le taux est à TAUX_ZÉRO 
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(
                factory.getOWLClass(":TAUX_ZERO", prefix),
                factory.getOWLObjectMinCardinality(6, aLaChargeDe)));

        manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(aLaChargeDe, john, paul));
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(aLaChargeDe, john, bill));
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(factory.getOWLObjectAllValuesFrom(aLaChargeDe, personnesAChargeDe_Sophie), sophie));
        manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(factory.getOWLObjectAllValuesFrom(aLaChargeDe, personnesAChargeDe_John), john));
        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  PIED DU PROGRAMME 
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        // Ajouter les axiomes à l’ontologie

        // Imprimer l’ontologie descriptive
        JavawsHelper.printTurtle(manager,ontology );

        //Inférer l'ontologie descriptive 
        InferredOntologyGenerator iog = new InferredOntologyGenerator(reasoner);
        iog.fillOntology(manager, inferOntology);

        // Imprimer l'ontologie inférée
        manager.saveOntology(inferOntology, ontologyFormat, new StreamDocumentTarget(System.out));
    }



    /****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************
     **
     **     Section 6. Usage avancée de la propriété
     **
     ****************************************************************
     ****************************************************************/
    public static void demoPropriete() throws UnsupportedOperationException, OWLException, IOException {
        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  ENTETE DU PROGRAMME
         *
         ***********************************************************/
        //
        // Attribuer les dénominations: IRI et Préfix
        // 
        String FAMILIES_IRI = "http://java-ws.com/ontologie/families";
        PrefixOWLOntologyFormat familiesOntologyFormat = new TurtleOntologyFormat();
        familiesOntologyFormat.setDefaultPrefix(FAMILIES_IRI + "#");
        familiesOntologyFormat.setPrefix( "myFamily",FAMILIES_IRI + "#");
        PrefixManager prefix = new DefaultPrefixManager(FAMILIES_IRI +"#");

        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        //
        IRI familiesIRI = IRI.create(FAMILIES_IRI);
        OWLOntologyManager manager = OWLManager.createOWLOntologyManager();

        OWLDataFactory factory = manager.getOWLDataFactory();
        OWLReasonerFactory reasonerFactory = PelletReasonerFactory.getInstance();
        //
        // Instancier le gestionnaire, et les fabriques
        //
        OWLOntology ontology = manager.createOntology(familiesIRI);

        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  CORPS DU PROGRAMME (La description du modèle conceptuel)
         *
         ***********************************************************/


        /*
         * Construire l'ontologie 
         */
        /*



         */

        /*
         * Construire les axiomes et les intégrer à l'ontologie
         */


        OWLIndividual paul = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Paul", prefix);
        OWLIndividual bill = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Bill", prefix);
        OWLIndividual john = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":John", prefix);
        OWLIndividual jack = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Jack", prefix);
        OWLIndividual mary = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Mary", prefix);
        OWLIndividual sophie = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Sophie", prefix);
        OWLIndividual marc = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Marc", prefix);
        OWLIndividual steve = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":Steve", prefix);
        OWLIndividual indvA = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":indvB", prefix);
        OWLIndividual indvB = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(":indvA", prefix);

        // Modifiez le no du Case pour atteindre le modèle à démontrer:
        // Case1  = Implantation de la figure 7.23
        // Case2  = Implantation de la figure 7.24
        // Case3  = Implantation de la figure 7.26
        // Case4  = Implantation de la figure 7.27
        // Case5  = Implantation de la figure 7.28
        // Case6  = Implantation de la figure 7.29
        // Case7  = Implantation de la figure 7.30
        // Case8  = Implantation de la figure 7.31
        // Case9  = Implantation de la figure 7.32
        // Case10 = Implantation de la figure 7.33
        // Case11 = Implantation de la figure 7.34
        // Case12 = Implantation de la figure 7.35
        // Case13 = Implantation de la figure 7.36
        // Case14 = Implantation de la figure 7.37
        
        String Case = "Case1";
        // Implantation de la figure 7.23
        if (Case.equals("Case1")){
            OWLObjectProperty hasChild  = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":hasChild", prefix);
            OWLObjectProperty hasParent  = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":hasParent", prefix);
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLInverseObjectPropertiesAxiom(hasParent, hasChild));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasChild, john, mary));
        // Implantation de la figure 7.24
        } else if (Case.equals("Case2")){
            OWLClass dead = factory.getOWLClass(":Dead", prefix);
            OWLObjectProperty hasChild  = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":hasChild", prefix);
            OWLClass orphan = factory.getOWLClass(":Orphan", prefix);
            OWLObjectInverseOf inverseHasChild = factory.getOWLObjectInverseOf(hasChild);
            OWLObjectAllValuesFrom allValuesDead = factory.getOWLObjectAllValuesFrom(inverseHasChild, dead);
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLEquivalentClassesAxiom(orphan, allValuesDead));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(orphan, mary));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasChild, marc, mary));
        // Implantation de la figure 7.25
        } else if (Case.equals("Case3")){
            OWLObjectProperty hasSpouse = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":hasSpouse", prefix);
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLSymmetricObjectPropertyAxiom(hasSpouse));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasSpouse, john, mary));
        // Implantation de la figure 7.26
        } else if (Case.equals("Case4")){
            OWLObjectProperty hasChild  = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":hasChild", prefix);
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLAsymmetricObjectPropertyAxiom(hasChild));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasChild, john, bill));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasChild, bill, john));
        // Implantation de la figure 7.27
        } else if (Case.equals("Case5")){
            OWLObjectProperty hasSpouse = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":hasSpouse", prefix);
            OWLObjectProperty hasParent  = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":hasParent", prefix);
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLDisjointObjectPropertiesAxiom(hasParent, hasSpouse));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasSpouse, indvA, indvB));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasParent, indvA, indvB));
        // Implantation de la figure 7.28
        } else if (Case.equals("Case6")){
            OWLObjectProperty knows = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":knows", prefix);
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLReflexiveObjectPropertyAxiom(knows));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLDeclarationAxiom((OWLEntity) bill));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(knows, mary, john));
        // Implantation de la figure 7.29
        } else if (Case.equals("Case7")){
            OWLObjectProperty parentOf = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":parentOf", prefix);
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLIrreflexiveObjectPropertyAxiom(parentOf));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(parentOf, indvA, indvA));
        // Implantation de la figure 7.30
        } else if (Case.equals("Case8")){
            OWLObjectProperty hasHusband = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":hasHusband", prefix);
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLFunctionalObjectPropertyAxiom(hasHusband));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLDifferentIndividualsAxiom(john, jack));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasHusband, mary, john));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasHusband, mary, jack));
        // Implantation de la figure 7.31
        } else if (Case.equals("Case9")){
            OWLObjectProperty hasHusband = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":hasHusband", prefix);
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLInverseFunctionalObjectPropertyAxiom(hasHusband));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLDifferentIndividualsAxiom(mary, sophie));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasHusband, mary, john));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasHusband, sophie, john));
        // Implantation de la figure 7.32
        } else if (Case.equals("Case10")){
            OWLObjectProperty hasAncestor = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":hasAncestor", prefix);
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLTransitiveObjectPropertyAxiom(hasAncestor));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasAncestor, mary, marc));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasAncestor, marc, steve));
        // Implantation de la figure 7.33
        } else if (Case.equals("Case11")){
            OWLObjectProperty hasParent  = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":hasParent", prefix);
            OWLObjectProperty hasGrandparent = factory.getOWLObjectProperty(":hasGrandparent", prefix);
            List hasGrandparentChain=new ArrayList();
            hasGrandparentChain.add(hasParent);
            hasGrandparentChain.add(hasParent);
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLSubPropertyChainOfAxiom(hasGrandparentChain, hasGrandparent));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasParent, mary, marc));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasParent, marc, steve));
        // Implantation de la figure 7.34
        } else if (Case.equals("Case12")){ 
            OWLClass person = factory.getOWLClass(":Person", prefix);
            OWLDataPropertyExpression  hasSSN = factory.getOWLDataProperty(":hasSSN", prefix);
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLHasKeyAxiom(person, hasSSN));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLDataPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasSSN, john, 1234));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLDataPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasSSN, jack, 1234));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLDataPropertyAssertionAxiom(hasSSN, mary, 1234));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(person, john));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(person, jack));
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLDifferentIndividualsAxiom(mary, jack)); // OK, puisque Mary n'est pas membre dans Person
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, factory.getOWLDifferentIndividualsAxiom(john, jack)); // incohérant puisque John et Jack sont membres de Person
        }

        /***********************************************************
         *
         *  PIED DU PROGRAMME 
         *
         ***********************************************************/

        // Imprimer l’ontologie descriptive
        JavawsHelper.printTurtle(manager,ontology );
        PelletExplanation.setup();

        OWLOntology inferOntology = manager.createOntology();
        ConsoleProgressMonitor progressMonitor = new ConsoleProgressMonitor();
        OWLReasonerConfiguration config = new SimpleConfiguration(progressMonitor);
        PelletReasoner  reasoner = (PelletReasoner) reasonerFactory.createNonBufferingReasoner(ontology, config);
        System.out.println("Is consistance ? Rep: "+reasoner.isConsistent());

        if (reasoner.isConsistent())
        {
            InferredOntologyGenerator iog = new InferredOntologyGenerator(reasoner);
            iog.fillOntology(manager, inferOntology);
            // Imprimer l'ontologie inférée
            manager.saveOntology(inferOntology, familiesOntologyFormat, new StreamDocumentTarget(System.out));

        }
        ManchesterSyntaxExplanationRenderer renderer = new ManchesterSyntaxExplanationRenderer();
        // The writer used for the explanation rendered
        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter( System.out );
        renderer.startRendering( out );
        PelletExplanation expGen = new PelletExplanation( reasoner );
        Set> exp = expGen.getInconsistencyExplanations();
        renderer.render( exp );        
        renderer.endRendering();


    }
}